Using, inspecting, testing and decommissioning plant, Errors of judgement, particularly during periods of stress or high job demand, Critical components installed incorrectly, Inappropriate use or delay in use of operator controls, Inadvertent activation of operator controls, Critical instruments and displays not read or information misunderstood because of clutter, Plant use results in unexpected direction or response, Folllowing prescribed procedures results in error or incident, Exceeding prescribed limitations on load or speed. This means the outside lane from each direction has to merge with the one coming from the other direction. This included replacing the masts used to support the system instruments. Safety by design reduces exposure to product liability, lawsuits, and product recall campaigns. There are different design options to manage risks throughout a structure’s lifecycle. Risk has two components – the likelihood that it will occur and the consequences (degree of harm) if it happens. Designing structures is a process with a series of steps. Figure 6 outlines an approach that can be taken. Designers have an important role in managing health and safety risks. The most effective risk control measure – eliminating hazards – is often cheaper and more practicable to achieve at the design or planning stage than managing risks later in the lifecycle. Safe by Design principles actively eliminate or reduce risk during design development for construction and maintenance activities and ensures that remaining risks are effectively communicated. The guarding, warning, training and PPE options prompt the designer to select one or more standard design options. mechanical (eg crushing, cutting, trapping, shearing and high pressure fluids), radiation – light, heat, electric fields, magnetic fields, radioactivity, substances hazardous to health including chemicals, chemical by-products, biological exposures (eg bacteria, molds, viruses). Good design reduces damage to property and the environment, and the related costs. Designers should consider as many factors as possible to manage the health and safety risks they present. This section provides information to designers of structures. Downloads that took hours over a telephone modem connection now take minutes. For more information about ‘reasonably practicable’, see WorkSafe’s fact sheet Reasonably Practicable. They are: A person may have more than one duty (eg a person can be a PCBU and a worker). Direction of operator controls conflicts with normal operation, Writted prescribed procedures are wrong and have not been checked. In designsafe, "Eliminate by design" is the preferred method of control, followed by "Guard against hazard," "Warn of hazard," "Train user" and "Personal protective equipment (PPE)." Where user error is likely, higher order control measures such as elimination or substitution should be incorporated into the design. stationary container compliance certification, their understanding of chemistry principles, toxicology and environmental science, looking at whether hazardous properties can be removed while still maintaining the functionality and efficacy of the substance. A risk based approach was used, where workshops were held in the early stages of design with participation from design, construction and operations personnel. All rights reserved. The Health and Safety at Work Act 2015 (HSWA) is New Zealand’s work health and safety law. Make sure that the safety recommendations and residual risks within the design are documented for users ‘downstream’ in the lifecycle. environmental factors affecting installation and commissioning that may present risk. are employed or engaged by a Recognised Inspection Body, and, hold Chartered Professional Engineer Status recognised by the Engineering New Zealand (ENZ) and are deemed competent to carry out design verification (or similar overseas), and, have educational or vocational qualifications in an engineering discipline relevant to the design to be verified, and, have knowledge of the technical standards relevant to the design to be verified, and, have the skills necessary to independently verify that the design was produced following the published technical standards and engineering principles used in the design, and. The original plan was to steady the base of the mast with a person’s foot as the mast was raised. Provides information to the manufacturer/constructor about the purpose ofthe plant, structure or substance, the results of any calculations, testing etc to make sure that risks are minimised so far as is reasonably practicable, and any conditions necessary to make sure that risks are minimised so far as is reasonably practicable (when used for its designed purpose or when being inspected, cleaned maintained or repaired). Available information incomplete, incorrect or not available in time. Designers can use these applications to enable locations, structures and plant to be accurately visualised, sequences of activity to be realistically demonstrated and construction programmes simulated. Designers should take a systematic approach when identifying and managing work risks that are within their ability to influence or control. Participation of people from differing design disciplines as well as beyond the overall design discipline, such as constructors and operations personnel, is extremely beneficial and should be encouraged and accommodated if. What are some of the health and safety risks associated with my industry? These principles … A plant designer may use technical standards, or a combination of standards and engineering, design, or ergonomics principles relevant to the design requirements (as long as the design meets regulatory requirements). Information is too small to see from user’s position. Designers should consider as many factors as possible to manage the health and safety risks they present. Are plant accessories fit for their intended purpose? Consider whether workers may be exposed to specific hazards, such as manual tasks in health facilities, workplace violence in law enforcement facilities, or dangerous goods storage in warehouses. Evaluate unavoidable risks. These people may include: 1. designers 2. use the plant, substance or structure at a workplace for its designed purpose, store the plant or substance at a workplace. apply ergonomic design principles so risks to health and safety are managed, so far as is reasonably practicable, take into account the physical ability of workers including requirements for strength, reach, vision, and hearing, consider whether the plant could be misused or how a user’s uncontrolled physical movements could impact how the plant operates. Designers should provide specific information to the manufacturer, so that the plant is manufactured following the design specifications. This could be corrected by establishing a mechanism for users to share customized hazard sets and including university safety and industrial hygiene programs in the Institute for Safety Through Design pilot program. For information about preventing Legionnaires’ disease see WorkSafe’s guidance Preventing Legionnaires’ disease from cooling towers and evaporative condensers. Today"s engineers realize the importance of safety in design and its impact on minimizing future liability. Providing this information to others involved later in the lifecycle is necessary to make them aware of any leftover risks and the methods used to minimise risk. Response time of system or plant too slow for making the next correct action. The Design Safety Report should include information about: The development of a work health and safety file (containing all relevant information for a structure/plant) will assist the designer to meet the duty to provide information to others. Can the plant create hazardous conditions from pressurised content, electricity, noise, radiation, friction, vibration, fire, explosion, temperature, moisture, vapour, gases, dusts, mists, fumes, ice, or hot or cold parts? 2 Adapted from the UK HSE Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015. Safety by Design is a full-service third party safety consulting firm specializing in laying the foundation and working with Management to maintain overall effectiveness. Health and safety aspects of the design should be reflected in the requirements of contract documents for the construction/manufacture stage and help with the selection of suitable and competent contractors for the project. the required skill levels to manufacture, install, commission, use or maintain the plant, the complexity of functions a user can be expected to perform, the need for and the location of items such as aids, guides, indicators, guards, mounted instruction, signs, symbols, gauges, alarms, dials, screens, switches, emergency stops and name plates to make sure the plant is used correctly, making sure plant design is ‘fail-safe’ to the category, performance and safety level determined by the plant risk assessment, instrumentation needed at each work station or cabin and the layout of the instrumentation, devices, tools or control measures the user and support people need in order to carry out their jobs safely, the options available to maintain the safety and integrity of the system if the user makes a mistake, or if the plant fails, whether the user of the plant can be easily accessed if they need help (eg if emergency rescue of the user is required), environmental conditions that may weaken user performance (eg working in extremes of temperature, humidity), separating people, including the user, from entrapment when using plant. This includes workers and others. Key information about identified risks and action taken or required to control them should be recorded and transferred from the design phase to those involved in later stages of the project lifecycle. CPTED principles work via three overlapping strategies: … using BIM (building information modelling) and other forms of modelling to view the physical and functional characteristics of the proposed structure. persons who specify how structural alteration, maintenance, demolition or dismantling work is to be carried out. Table 6. HSWA (Section 16) defines the term ‘design’ in relation to plant, a substance, or structure as: the design of part of the plant, substance, or structure; and. What would happen if the plant failed? 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