The entire governance, rights and responsibilities were given to the king as well as his family. For a while, ancient Babylon ruled the whole Mesopotamian region in the south. The King was the ruler, the lawmaker, and the representative of God Ashur. Organizing this labor required intelligent leadership. It was Read more, The goddesses in ancient Mesopotamia were highly anthropomorphic and reacted to the reasons and emotions. With specialization of labor—people finding lots of different jobs and tasks to do other than farming work—it made sense to have priests fully involved in keeping the gods happy while the lugal oversaw running the city. The military officers enforced the rules and laws as they took charge of the local government. Click here for our comprehensive article on ancient Mesopotamia. A king was expected to protect his city, to provide law, order and justice and to be a shepherd to the people, ensuring that widows and orphans were cared for. The Sumerian civilization was the first to develop an organized society in the region. Numerous Kings made laws and codes. -The first form of government was a theocracy, or government under divine authority. The Empire of the Akkadians was the first Empire with numerous succession kings. There was a further division of these regions into the city-state. Kings and queens of the Mesopotamia civilization were the descendants of the city of gods. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. All rights reserved. Kings formed dynasties and leadership passed from father to son. King Hammurabi wrote the most potent law. After the king, the class of people that enjoyed the maximum respect, rights and wealth were the priest. The people did not have a vote towards who became king, but only the elected officials. However, ancient Mesopotamia was a region that contained several city-states, much like Italy during the Italian Renaissance period. Even the King considered priests to hold a lot of importance. The Kings were the ones with the highest power and honor. All rights reserved. The King was the ruler and the lawmaker, followed by wise men’s assembly, selected by the citizens’ council. While most of his duties as king were secular, the king had religious responsibilities as well. Next in line came the shop-owners, iron workers, farmers, merchants, craftspeople and fishermen etc. Every broken law had its punishment accordingly. Irrigation required a substantial amount of labor in building and maintaining canals and dams. The King was the ruler and the lawmaker, followed by the nobility. It wasn’t until the Akkadians came to power, circa 2334 B.C., that Mesopotamian gained its first empire. Mesopotamia had an organized government with the leaderships passed down in a hierarchical order by kingly dynasties. Priests 3. 1. A historian of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, he is a publisher of popular history, a podcaster, and online course creator. Everyone followed laws, some voluntarily, whereas some due to the fear of facing the consequences, which were very brutal in some cases. While some of them had their own homes, others didn’t but still led a fairly comfortable life. Every citizen was supposed to know, respect, and obey the rules and laws made by the King. The empire was divided into numerous provinces, which included Samaria, Arpad, and Nineveh. The leaders assigned people to go into the water and also control over the water systems. Mesopotamia civilization’s political hierarchy was based on Monarchy, which consisted of three major classes, including nobles, free citizens, and slaves. While priests were capable men, they now needed assistance from a secular leader who could guide communal labor. History is my passion, and I tried to make this blog as lively it can be. The law had 282 rules, including fines, punishments, and justice. Sumerian governments are credited with the first form of bureaucracy. They were known to invent Cuneiform to document the various trade deals. The laws and rules were supposed to be learned, understood, and followed by every citizen. Assyria was the first empire divided into numerous provinces. The political system of Mesopotamia is impacted by the geography condition. The Sumerians built the first cities along the irrigation canals. They were involved in trade, businesses and owned a lot of land. For most of its history, Mesopotamian city-states each ruled its own area, ruled by a powerful king. Gradually the lugal became a powerful king who dominated governance of the Mesopotamian city-state. One needed to go through a proper training program to become a Scribe. As the gods were the most important beings to the early Mesopotamians, priests, who mediated with the gods and divined their wills, became the most important people in the village. Some called themselves ‘Sheperd’ to look after their people, whereas some called themselves the Universe or great King. The canals were separated by open deserts where nomadic lived, which made them independent ones with protective independence. Kings also worked closely with the priesthood, both the en, the chief priest in charge of religious observances and the sanga, the priest involved in running the temple’s business concerns.
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