[2] The corresponding agreement was signed on 28 September 1939. I.Grava-Kreituse, I.Feldmanis, J.Goldmanis, A.Stranga. [5] On June 3, 1940 all Soviet military forces based in Baltic states were concentrated under the command of Aleksandr Loktionov. lahtised meistrivõistlused mälumängus", "Analytical list of documents, V. Friction in the Baltic States and Balkans, June 4, 1940 – September 21, 1940", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)&oldid=985233702, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 24 October 2020, at 19:19. Consequently, the Soviet Union attacked Finland, starting the Winter War in November. Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty at the time, said in his 1939 radio broadcast:[31][32] That the Russian armies should stand on this line was clearly necessary for the safety of Russia against the Nazi menace. Political repressions followed with mass deportations carried out by the Soviets. [20] According to a Time magazine article published at the time of the invasions, in a matter of days around 500,000 Soviet Red Army troops occupied the three Baltic states – just one week before the Fall of France to Nazi Germany. Under Soviet supervision, new puppet communist governments and fellow travelers arranged rigged elections with falsified results. In September and October 1939 the Soviet government compelled the much smaller Baltic states to conclude mutual assistance pacts which gave the Soviets the right to establish military bases there. Latvia followed on 5 October 1939 and Lithuania shortly thereafter, on 10 October 1939. The war ended in March 1940 with Finnish territorial losses exceeding the pre-war Soviet demands, but Finland kept its sovereignty. The war ended in March 1940 with Finnish territorial losses exceeding the pre-war Soviet demands, but Finland kept its sovereignty. The presidents of Estonia and Latvia were imprisoned and later died in Siberia. The Soviets questioned the neutrality of Estonia following the escape of a Polish submarine from Tallinn on 18 September. Political repressions followed with mass deportations of around 130,000 citizens carried out by the Soviets. On 14–15 July, following illegal amendments to the electoral laws of the respective states, rigged parliamentary elections for the "People's Parliaments"[35] were conducted by local Communists loyal to the Soviet Union. These new migrants supported the industrialization of Latvia's economy. lahtised meistrivõistlused mälumängus", FALSIFIERS of HISTORY (Historical Survey) Foreign Languages Publishing House, Moscow 1948, David Childs. [19] These additional Soviet military forces far outnumbered the armies of each country. The Soviet occupation of the Baltic states covers the period from the Soviet–Baltic mutual assistance pacts in 1939, to their invasion and annexation in 1940, to the mass deportations of 1941. Governments in exile - with legations in London - were recognised by a number of Western governments throughout the Cold War. The outlawed communist parties, whose memberships were extremely small, emerged as the leading political force. Misiunas, Romuald J.; Taagepera, Rein (1993). Initially professional and educated circles were principally affected. "[33] Led by Stalin’s close associates,[34] and local communist supporters as well as official brought in from the Soviet Union, they forced the presidents and governments of all three countries to resign, replacing them with the provisional People's Governments. 120 Soviet vessels participated in the naval blockade, including one cruiser, seven destroyers, and seventeen submarines, along with 219 airplanes including the 8th air-brigade with 84 DB-3 and Tupolev SB bombers and the 10th brigade with 62 airplanes. When Herr von Ribbentrop was summoned to Moscow last week it was to learn the fact, and to accept the fact, that the Nazi designs upon the Baltic States and upon the Ukraine must come to a dead stop. On July 14–15 the new Soviet regimes organized elections to people’s assemblies in which only a single slate of candidates appeared. [39], The Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by David J. Smith, Page 24, ISBN 0-415-28580-1, The World Book Encyclopedia ISBN 0-7166-0103-6, see report of Latvian Chargé d'affaires, Fricis Kociņš, regarding the talks with Soviet Foreign Commissar Molotov in. Under Soviet supervision, new governments of Communists and fellow travelers arranged rigged elections with falsified results. Each suffered heavily from German repression in the spring and summer of 1944. [28][29] The Soviet militia that participated in the battle was led by Nikolai Stepulov.[30]. The Balts considered the Germans liberators. At any rate, the line is there, and an Eastern front has been created which Nazi Germany does not dare assail. A week later, on 24 September 1939, the Estonian foreign minister was given an ultimatum in Moscow. [6], The Soviet troops allocated for possible military actions against the Baltic states numbered 435,000 troops, around 8,000 guns and mortars, over 3,000 tanks, and over 500 armoured cars. Finally the military resistance was ended with negotiations and the Independent Signal Battalion surrendered and was disarmed. University of California Press. [24], Most of the Estonian Defence Forces and the Estonian Defence League surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian Government and were disarmed by the Red Army. In all three countries several armed police battalions composed of volunteers were organized to provide military support away from their homelands. Hiden, John; Vahur Made, David J. Smith (2008). [14], Molotov accused the Baltic states of conspiracy against the Soviet Union and delivered an ultimatum to all Baltic countries for the establishment of Soviet-approved governments.
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