The Tapanuli Orang-utan is one of just three Orang-utan species in the world (the other two being the Bornean Orang-utan and the Sumatran Orang-utan). The Tapanuli Orang-utan (along with both the Bornean Orang-utan and the Sumatran Orang-utan) are unique amongst the great apes as they are largely arboreal which means that they spend most of their time high up in the trees rather than living predominantly on the ground. Since 2001, the Tapanuli is the third newly recognized species of orangutan, following its recently named Sumatran cousins (Pongo abelii) and the Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus). [2] The skull and teeth of the Batang Toru male differ significantly from those of the other two orangutan species. With the interest from zoos around the world in exhibiting exotic animals increasing, the threat to Tapanuli Orang-utans shifted from being killed as bushmeat to being captured to be sold on the global market. An extremely slow reproduction rate is partially responsible for a reduced population. [7] Pongo tapanuliensis was identified as a distinct species, following a detailed phylogenetic study in 2017. [2][10], Genetic comparisons show that Tapanuli orangutans diverged from Sumatran orangutans about 3.4 million years ago, and became more isolated after the Lake Toba eruption that occurred about 75,000 years ago. Although the exact tool skills used appears to depend on individual populations, it is not only to obtain food that Orang-utans have developed tools for but they are also known to use small leaves placed on the sensitive skin on their hands and feed to protect them from prickly vegetation and even use large leaves as umbrellas to prevent them from getting too drenched in the tropical downpours.
If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. This clever technique enables Tapanuli Orang-utans to keep roaming through the tropical, moist forests but without using unnecessary energy trying to find new food sources. [2] It is one of three known species of orangutan, alongside the Sumatran orangutan (P. abelii), found farther northwest on the island, and Bornean orangutan (P. pygmaeus). One of the primary reasons for deforestation across their range is for the planting of palm oil.

Males 87 kg (192 lbs) Social Groups: Males usually solitary, females with young or solitary, groups of adolescents.

Females 780 mm (31 in), Standing Height: Tapanuli: about 800 individuals. (Note: replace YYYY Mmm dd with date accessed, e.g., 2015 Jan 15).

The gestation period is nine months long, and the female will not reproduce again until around eight years later. Michael Krützen, a Swiss evolutionary geneticist from the University of Zurich, is one of the authors of the Current Biology report. It was described as a distinct species in 2017. All three species reside only in the rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia. Once the young orangutans reach sexual maturity, they will eventually leave their mothers and seek territories of their own. Declining orangutan population in the unprotected forest of Batang Toru.

When they aren’t munching on a wide variety of fruit, they can enjoy eating eggs, tree bark, honey, leaves, and sometimes small mammals.

But the their intelligence goes beyond mimicking. Nasution, A., et al. Diet: Fruit is preferred; also leaves, bark, seeds, and insects.

[2][9] Comparisons of the genomes of all 37 orangutans using principal component analysis and population genetic models also indicated that the Batang Toru population is a separate species.
In areas where there are high yielding fruit trees, Tapanuli Orang-utans can be seen around other individuals as there is no competition for food when there is an abundance of it. They even use leaves for drinking cups and umbrellas. Orangutans sleep in their nests every night. Until recently, Tapanuli Orang-utans were not distinguished apart from Sumatran Orang-utans as they are very similar in appearance but Tapanuli Orang-utans have frizzer hair, smaller heads and flatter faces than the Sumatran Orang-utans also inhabiting northern Sumatra. Year after year, the amount of usable habitat shrinks, and the range of these creatures decreases.

Because of this, it is highly illegal to own an orangutan as a pet.

(2018). These great apes have relatively particular habitat needs. Tapanuli orangutans diverged from Bornean orangutans about 674,000 years ago. Activity Cycle: Diurnal; bimodal feeding pattern (morning and afternoon) with resting/napping in between. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Only named as a distinct species in science in 2017, the Tapanuli Orang-utan is the first great ape to have been discovered since the Bonobo nearly a century ago. Finally, the Tapanuli species ranges only in South Tapanuli in Sumatra.

However, with deforestation causing severe habitat loss throughout the region the population numbers of these large predators has drastically declined. Males will only stay in one region when they are able to appropriate a territory from the current dominate male. With the interest from zoos around the world in exhibiting exotic animals in… Read on to learn about the orangutan. One theory about why Tapanuli Orang-utans are not as sociable as Africa’s great apes is just the sheer amount of time they spend both finding food and then eating. During wet seasons, they include a roof on their nests. Not only are infants taken for sale as pets, but this necessitates the killing of their mothers, to enable humans to capture the babies more easily.


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