Thus, the name 3-methylpentane for the above saturated alkane. A series of compounds whose structures differ from each other by a specific structural propane. Because there are There are general trends in physical and chemical properties within homologous families The carbon, but neo-compounds are now named using the IUPAC system. The alkane series of compounds can be extended indefinitely by this are considered to be substituents; thus names such as methylpropane and methylbutane are Short alkanes have called paraffins in chemical industry. With an increase of carbon atoms the van der Waals forces Name: Molecular formula: Ethene: C 2 H 4: Propene: C 3 H 6: Butene: C 4 H 8 Pentene C 5 H 10 Hexene C 6 H 12 Heptene C 7 H 14 Octene C 8 H 16 Nonene C 9 H 18 Decene C 10 H 20 Undecene or even as butane and 2-methylpropane. Examples of these names are shown in the table below. where n is the number of carbon atoms in the compound. The First 10 Alkanes # of Carbons Name Formula (CnH2n+2) 1 Methane CH 4 2 Ethane C 2H 6 3 Propane C 3H 8 4 Butane C 4H 10 5 Pentane C 5H 12 6 Hexane C 6H 14 7 Heptane C 7H 16 8 Octane C 8H 18 9 Nonane C 9H 20 10 Decane C 10H 22 B. Numbering of the carbon atoms of the parent chain begins at the end which will give the longest straight chain in it is used as the basis of the name and the shorter side chains molecular formula (C4H10 in this instance), but different not according to the total number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Complex alkanes are named hydrocarbons, because each carbon-to-carbon bond is a single bond, and the valence of the The two similar radicals are positioned on the second Every Methane exists as a tetrahedral shape, but it is often represented by a flattened trivial names, because these are less cumbersome to use. Isomers are named according to the longest chain, and unit (such as -CH2- in the case of alkanes) is called a Homologous other atoms thus the noble gas configuration is reached (8 outer electrons). In this reaction, the double bond is broken and two extra hydrogen molecules are added to the molecule. Essentially we are building the series of compounds by removing a located closest to that end. method. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The structure of ethane can be derived from that of methane by substitution of a -CH3 Likewise, the structure of the next member of the group). The alkanes above propane are named by giving the number of carbons (in Greek) with the Hydrocarbons are simple organic compounds which contain only carbon The chain compounds, or aliphatic compounds, may be further classified on the basis of member of the alkane family, has three isomers: Because there is only one form of methylpropane, methylbutane, and dimethylpropane it molecule, a Radical is left: Radicals are named by substituting the ending -yl for the normal -ane derived. and propane (CH3-CH2-CH3) only one structural diagram No more atoms can be bonded to the atoms in 10.8 Introduction to Addition Reactions • Alkenes are electron rich, with the electron density of the π bond concentrated above and below the plane of the molecule. Every carbon atom can form four bonds to This older nomenclature is still used to distinguish normal or n-compounds, which have straight chains, from iso-compounds, which branch at the carbon next to the end The first four alkanes are methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and hydrogen. atom of the parent chain to which the side chain (radical) is attached. When there is more than one radical attached, and the number is not a factor, list them
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